Clinical Reasoning And Decision Making In Nursing Nursing Essay

Clinical Reasoning And Decision Making In Nursing Essay All medical attendants utilize clinical judgment to settle on choices while thinking about patients. These choices affect the activities of the medicinal services proficient and the conveyance of human services the patient gets Jones and Beck (1996). Its the medical attendants obligation to settle on clinical choices dependent on their scholarly information and aptitudes. Straightforward choices, for example, would a chamber pot or chest be increasingly proper? To making speedy, on the spot choices, for example, what steps to take if a patient started to quickly fall apart. Attendants depend on cool headed dynamic abilities to keep up positive results and state-of-the-art care. Orme and Maggs (1993) distinguished that dynamic is a basic and vital part of clinical practice. Medical caretakers are responsible for their choices, accordingly it is urgent that they know about how they settle on these choices Muir (2004). This paper will talk about two dynamic models, factors that may impr ove or meddle with clinical thinking and dynamic in understanding focused consideration and how they shift over the various fields of nursing. The dynamic models that will be talked about are Risk Analysis and Evidence Based. Hazard appraisal has a significant impact during the time spent supporting patients and it incredibly assists with keeping up security in medical clinic settings. Its principle reason for existing isn't just to recognize potential dangers yet in addition expel and forestall them. Appraisal is viewed as the initial phase during the time spent individualized nursing care Neno and Price (2008). Hazard investigation gives data that is fundamental in building up a strategy that can help improve individual wellbeing. It can possibly diminish the seriousness of interminable conditions, helping the person to deal with their wellbeing through self-care RCN (2004). Not exclusively is chance examination for the patients security however its likewise there to guarantee staff wellbeing Kavaler and Spiegel (2003). It is basic that medical attendants utilize appropriate hazard evaluation devices as a manual for empower them to settle on compelling choices. When the device has been actualized, utili zing the accumulated data and utilizing their own clinical judgment, the medical attendant will at that point have the option to give the correct wellbeing insurances to patients Holme (2009). There are a wide range of kinds of hazard appraisal devices accessible for patients and staff inside the clinical setting. For patients there is the Waterlow score danger of weight bruises and ulcers, the MUST instrument Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool, FRAT Falls Risk Assessment Tool and Pain Assessment Tools are just to give some examples and they are normally utilized in clinical practice. Staff have Infection Control Assessments and Discharge Risk Assessments just to name a couple however they ought to be stayed up with the latest and reconsidered consistently Daniels (2004). The weight ulcer chance evaluation/avoidance approach device, is every now and again utilized in clinical practice. Weight chance evaluation devices have been portrayed as the foundation of any counteraction and treatment strategy Waterlow(1991). The Department of Health set yearly focuses for a general decrease of weight ulcers by 5-10% more than 1 year (DoH, 1993), so it is fundamental that medical attendants precisely figure out which patients are in danger of creating pressure ulcers. A weight ulcer is a territory of confined harm to the skin and hidden tissue brought about by pressure, shear, grating or a blend of these EPUAP (1998). The aim of the Waterlow pressure sore hazard evaluation is to perceive administration clients who are exceptionally in danger of creating pressure bruises, to stay away from them getting more terrible as well as creating them by any stretch of the imagination, to fill in as an early prescient record before the improvement of weight harm Nixon and McGough ( 2001). It is basic that patients are evaluated utilizing this instrument, particularly patients with Intrinsic hazard factors, for example, limited versatility and/or are restricted to their bed for extensive stretches of time, patients with poor sustenance, older patients, patients with basic wellbeing conditions, for example, diabetes and patients who are urinary incontinent and inside incontinent are likewise profoundly in danger of creating pressure bruises, this because of the dampness, wet skin can be frail and powerless to breakdown Andrychuk (1998). As indicated by the NICE clinical rule 29 (2005) pressure ulcer evaluations ought to be recorded utilizing the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Classification System. There are four phases that pressure ulcers are reviewed at and it is down to the attendants own clinical judgment to choose what stage the ulcer is. Contingent upon the evaluation of the weight sore, it will rely upon the sort of sleeping pad that will be required. There are variables to be considered before choosing a sleeping cushion for the patient which incorporate, ensuring the bedding doesn't lift the patient to a risky tallness and to guarantee the patient is inside the suggested weight territory for the bedding NICE (2005). Utilizing their educated aptitudes, encounters and own clinical information, attendants need to choose what dressings ought to be utilized in the treatment of weight ulcers. They need to think about the evaluation of the sore, any producers signs for use and contraindications, past beneficial outcomes of certain dressing and inclination for solace or way of life reasons Bouza et al (2005). Uncommonly structured dressings and gauzes can be utilized to accelerate the recuperating procedure and help secure weight injuries, for example, hydrocolloid and alginate dressings which will be utilized at the medical attendants diversion NHS Choices (2010). Medical attendants ought to consistently know about any potential hazard factors that may compound or add to the advancement of weight ulcers when utilizing any weight chance appraisal apparatus. The medical caretaker should choose the recurrence of re-situating the patient, actualizing a going diagram to keep times and dates archived and to convey to different individuals from staff what time the patient needs turning. This includes moving the patient into an alternate situation to expel or redistribute pressure from a piece of the body Walsh and Dempsey (2010). By dissecting the proof on the viability of repositioning this can assist with diminishing patient torment and improve their personal satisfaction, ease the work burden of staff and help decrease the monetary weight on the wellbeing administration Luoa and Chub (2010). In pediatric nursing, a kid is to be evaluated inside six hours of being conceded and afterward rethought day by day. Most pediatric weight ulcer hazard evaluation scales were created utilizing clinical experience, or by changing grown-up scales Bedi (1993). The Glamorgan Pediatric Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale was created utilizing itemized pediatric inpatient information Willock et al (2008). It is a clinical instrument intended to assist medical caretakers with evaluating the danger of a kid building up a weight ulcer, it utilizes a scoring framework that takes things like portability, hardware, hemoglobin levels and temperature into record and aides the attendant concerning what intercessions should be set up, for example, what kind of sleeping cushion or dressings will be required. In learning incapacity and psychological wellness nursing, a scope of weight sore evaluation instruments are utilized, for example, the Norton, Braden and Waterlow chance appraisal scales, these are fundamentally utilized for patients who are not versatile as in the grown-up field. Nursing is progressively focused on their patients mental wellbeing OTuathail and Taqi (2011). It is the medical attendants obligation to give the most ideal consideration to their patients and this includes utilizing Evidence-based practice. EBP empowers the medical caretaker to settle on choices about patient consideration dependent on the most current, best accessible proof. It permits the medical caretaker to give top notch care to patients dependent on information and research Rodgers (1994). Standards of proof based practice and the urgent components engaged with the procedure are clarified by Cleary-Holdforth and Leufer (2008) in five stages. Steps are there to furnish medical attendants with the vital information and aptitudes to utilize proof based practice successfully and to make positive commitments to understanding results. The five stages Ask, Aquire, Appraise, Apply, Analysis and Ajust are to just guide human services experts in settling on viable clinical choices when critical thinking. Early Warning Score (EWS) is a proof based technique. Carberry (2002) distinguishes that the motivation behind EWS is to furnish nursing and clinical staff with a physiological score created from chronicles of imperative signs. Decent Clinical Guideline 50 (2007) recommends that physiological track and trigger frameworks ought to be executed to screen every single grown-up tolerant in intense emergency clinic settings, giving direction on the normalization of EWS. Physiological signs that ought to be checked and recorded are pulse, circulatory strain, respiratory rate, oxygen immersion, temperature and level of cognizance. Fundamental signs ought to be recorded upon affirmation, at standard stretches during a patients remain and furthermore previously, during and after specific techniques Castledine (2006) and the recurrence of checking, if strange physiology is identified should increment. EWS utilizes a scoring framework 0, 1, 2, and 3 and shading codes white, yellow, orange and re d, number 3 and the shading red being the most elevated hazard pointers Morris and Davies (2010). Medical attendants ought to adjust to following rules the Early Warning Score offers, to help settle on clinical choices that are best for their patients. Variables that may improve or forestall successful dynamic while utilizing the EWS could be down to capacity, information and numbness. On the off chance that human services experts are well capable and sure about chronicle and archiving patients essential signs, at that point any progressions can be watched and forestalled or managed rapidly. The EWS execution includes computerized cautions hours before a quick reaction would be started and can diminish treatment delays by as long as three hours Subbe et al (2003). It possibly takes one medical attendant to need skill when utilizing the EWS, there

Biography of Ian Wilmut Essay Example

Memoir of Ian Wilmut Paper | The Life and Accomplishments of Ian Wilmut| Dr. Ian Wilmut with the year-old Dolly in 1997. Dolly was the main creature to be cloned from DNA taken from a grown-up creature.  © Najlah Feanny/CORBIS SABA| James Ray| Shepherd University| 9/16/2011| | Ian Wilmut is an embryologist from England that is seemingly the most dubious analyst in late history. He is viewed as the pioneer of cloning. He and his partners effectively cloned a sheep they named Dolly. He got numerous honors for his disputable work while suffering extraordinary reaction for the moral ramifications of his achievements. Ian Wilmut was brought into the world July 7, 1944 in Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire, England (American Academy of Achievement, 2005). His dad was Leonard Wilmut, an arithmetic instructor at the Boys’ High School in Scarborough were Ian would later join in. His dad was likewise quite a while diabetes victim that inevitably lost his sight to the illness (Lovetoknow Corp, 2008). It is imagined that this experience may have been the early establishment for Ian Wilmut’s enthusiasm for logical research. As a kid, Ian Wilmut was brought up in the town of Coventry (American Academy of Achievement, 2005). Right off the bat in his life Wilmut was keen on agribusiness and cultivating investing quite a bit of his energy in the outside and filling in as a homestead hand (Wilmut, Creating the Genetic Replica, 1998). Wilmut once longed for a maritime profession, yet those fantasies were fleeting because of his visual impairment (Wilmut, Creating the Genetic Replica, 1998). As a youthful grown-up Ian Wilmut went to the University of Nottingham to seek after a degree in Agriculture. He believed he didn't have the marketing prudence to be effective in business cultivating so Wilmut concentrated on horticultural research. We will compose a custom article test on Biography of Ian Wilmut explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Biography of Ian Wilmut explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Biography of Ian Wilmut explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer While finishing his undergrad work at the University of Nottingham, Wilmut was presented to the field of embryology by his guide G. Eric Lamming. Lamming was a prestigious master in generation and in the wake of acquainting Wilmut with his field, Wilmut realized that hereditary building of creatures was his journey throughout everyday life. After graduation from the University of Nottingham, Wilmut went to the Darwin College at the University of Cambridge. In 1966 Wilmut went through about two months working with Christopher Polge in his research facility (Wilmut, Creating the Genetic Replica, 1998). Polge is credited with building up the strategy of cryopreservation in 1949 (Rall, 2007). Wilmut was captivated by Polge’s work and joined his lab in quest for an examination PhD. His doctoral thesis managed the freezing of hog semen and incipient organisms. In light of this examination, Wilmut had the option to effectively deliver the primary calf conceived from a solidified undeveloped organism, a Hereford-Friesian named Frostie (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). This logical development permitted dairy cattle raisers to expand the nature of their crowd by embedding the undeveloped organisms of the bovines that created the best meat and milk into cows of second rate quality. Wilmut graduated with his PhD in 1973 and took an exploration work with the Animal Breeding Research Station in Scotland. The examination station was both secretly and government supported and before long got known as the Roslin Institute in Roslin, Scotland (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). It is broadly accepted that Wilmut started his exploration in embryology after over hearing a discussion about Dr. Steen Willadsen, an embryologist that had utilized a cell from an undeveloped organism as of now being developed to clone a sheep. Wilmut started applying Dr. Willesden’s inquire about discoveries to his own examination at the Roslin Institute. In 1991, creature activists found out about Wilmut’s inquire about and torched his research center. In any case, Wilmut was resolute and made sure about financing from Pharmaceutical Proteins, LTD Therapeutics to proceed with his examination. The best and most dubious piece of Wilmut’s profession started in 1996. Wilmut and a group of specialists took the DNA of a multi year old Finn Dorset ewe’s mammary organ, turned off the dynamic qualities, and intertwined it with an egg cell from a Scottish Blackface ewe from which he evacuated the hereditary material (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). Wilmut utilized power to intertwine that mammary cell with its own DNA to the unfilled egg while it was in the lethargic state. He rehashed a similar procedure with 277 udder cells and eggs from sheep (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). 9 of those eggs started to develop and separate into incipient organisms (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). Wilmut at that point moved the 29 incipient organisms into proxy sheep bringing about 13 of the sheep getting pregnant (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). Of those 13 sheep, just one conveyed a sound sheep (Wilmut, Campbell, Tudge, The Second Creation: Dolly and the Age of Biological Control, 2000). On July 5, 1996, Dolly was conceived at the Roslin Institute. Wilmut has said that he named the sheep after blue grass music vocalist Dolly Parton (Wilmut, Creating the Genetic Replica, 1998). In the wake of guaranteeing Dolly was creating in a sound way and making sure about a patent for his work, Wilmut acquainted Dolly with the world in February 1997 as a result of physical cell atomic exchange. DNA testing uncovered that Dolly was in certainty the hereditary reproduction of her mom (Dewar, 2004). Dolly conveyed four sound posterity during her lifetime. In 2003, Dolly capitulated to pneumonic adenomatosis (Wilmut Highfield, After Dolly, 2006). In the wake of cloning Dolly, Wilmut proceeded to create Molly and Polly, who had business esteem. They were each cloned with a human quality that permitted their milk to contain a blood thickening protein factor IX, which could be removed to treat human hemophilia (Wilmut Highfield, After Dolly, 2006). In the end, crowds of sheep with hereditary proteins in their milk could be created, transforming them into living medication production lines for different sicknesses too. Wilmut trusted that innovation could be utilized with pigs to make human-versatile organs for transplants. He likewise imagined that specific qualities could be all the more effectively secluded and changed. Wilmut did couldn't have anticipated the contention his achievements would make. Media played up society’s fears of cloning people. Strict associations campaigned against the utilization of incipient organisms in look into and called it murder. In March 1997, Wilmut showed up before the U. S. Senate general wellbeing and security subcommittee hearing to talk about the moral ramifications of his work. He said†I realize what is troubling individuals pretty much this. I comprehend why the world is out of nowhere at my entryway. Be that as it may, this is my work. It has consistently been my work, and it doesn’t have anything to do with making duplicates of people. I am no spooky by what I do, if that’s what you need to know. I rest very well around evening time. † In 1999, Wilmut campaigned for a change to Great Britain’s 1990 Human Fertilization and Embryology Act to take into account the utilization of surplus eggs from helped preparation medications to be created for their undifferentiated organisms. He sits on a Church of Scotland board of trustees that analyzes the moral issues encompassing progressions in science and innovation. In spite of the fact that he is definitely not a strict individual, his center is to kill pundits with the goal that logical and innovative advances can proceed. Ian Wilmut composed two books with his associates including Keith Campbell. These works incorporate The Second Creation: The Age of Biological Control by the Scientists Who Cloned Dolly and After Dolly. In 2005, Wilmut got a permit in the U. K. to clone human incipient organisms to culture human undifferentiated cells. His objective was to research medicines for Motor Neuron Disorder. Simultaneously, the United States passed enactment to restrict the utilization of government subsidizing for examine including human undeveloped organisms. Wilmut relinquished his utilization of human incipient organisms when Dr. Shinya Yamanaka of Japan had the option to program skin cells from grown-up mice to return to their unique immature microorganism state. Ian Wilmut’s revelations and headways to established researchers have gathered him a few honors. His work with Dolly earned him Time Magazine’s 1997 Man of the Year Runner Up (Time Magazine, 1997). In 1998 he was enlisted into the Museum of Living History in Washington, D. C. furthermore, was given the Lord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award. He was gone into the Order of the British Empire (OBE), the Fraternal Order of the Royal Society (FRE), the United Kingdom’s Academy of Sciences (FMedSci), and the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE). In 2008, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of England (BBC, 2007). Ian Wilmut is a going bald, unassuming man. He is hitched with three youngsters, Helen, Naomi, and Dean. While right now out of the dubious spotlight, Wilmut is the ebb and flow Director of the Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He lives in the Scottish wide open with his family. He appreciates cultivating, the game of twisting and going for long strolls (Wilmut, Creating the Genetic Replica, 1998). The effect of Ian Wilmut’s work is extensive. It lays the reason for potentially treating or relieving maladies, for example, Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s using undifferentiated organisms (Wilmut Highfield, After Dolly, 200

9 Nonfiction Audiobooks for Comics Lovers

9 Nonfiction Audiobooks for Comics Lovers We all love comics; lets face it, if you dont love (or at least  want  to love) comics, you probably wouldnt be here. But I also love audiobooks; I love being able to listen to books while Im grocery shopping, sorting laundry, and walking to the metro. GraphicAudio has some great options for comics and comics-type stories (they produce audio dramas for important Marvel storylines), but I have trouble listening to fiction in audio. Theres something about the way I process information that makes me prefer nonfiction in audio, rather than fiction. If youre  in the mood for a geek audiobook (something thats not quite comics but is comics-adjacent enough or is about geek culture), check out these 8 nonfiction picks. Console Wars: Sega, Nintendo, and the Battle that Defined a Generation by Blake J. Harris Who doesnt remember the Sega vs. Nintendo console wars (if you dont remember them, well then I just dated myself). This might not  sound like a fascinating story, but Harris writes in a narrative style that makes this read like a thriller. Im serious. A video-game behind-the-scenes soap-opera-thriller. Who knew? Self-Inflicted Wounds: Heartwarming Tales of Epic Humiliation by Aisha Tyler Aisha Tyler scores pretty high on my nerd list. She does an amazing job on  Archer  (NOOOOOOPE) and I love her Girl on Guy podcast, in which she interviews important personalities (and many, many nerds). This memoir is deeper than youd think; its about Tylers many humiliations and what shes learned from them. And of course, its also funny. Very, very funny. Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void by Mary Roach All of Mary Roachs books are amazing, but Packing for Mars holds a special place in my heart because its about one of my first loves, space.  What is it like to live in space? How is thinking about humans living in space a proxy for what it is to be human? This is as much a book of anecdotes with a singular, unifying theme as it is a story of people  living in space, but its very well-written and entertaining. Marvel Comics: The Untold Story  by Sean Howe Why would I want to read a behind-the-scenes story of a publisher? you might be asking yourself. Trust me, though,  Marvel Comics: The Untold Story  is something you want to read. Even if youre relatively new to comics, the ins and out of the comics giants history are fascinating, and this  history makes it easier to understand how Marvel got to where it did, and the challenges it faces now. Misadventures of an Awkward Black Girl  by Issa Rae To be a geek is to have been awkward, and/or to currently be awkward. I firmly believe this; Im still awkward, and though Im more comfortable than most introverts in social situations, I am so incredibly bad at small talk. Issa Rae is a nerd at heart, an introvert like the rest of us, and the fact that this memoir/essay collection (which are always perfect for audio) is about accepting yourself as you are?  You can bet Im recommending it. Death By Black Hole (and Other Cosmic Quandaries)) by Neil deGrasse Tyson Im not an rocket scientist (Ill wait while you recover from the shock of that revelation) but I find astrophysics absolutely fascinating, and no one speaks to the layperson better than Neil deGrasse Tyson. Ive read pretty much all of his books, but Death by Black Hole  continues to be my favorite. Its a series of essays on space phenomena; it makes these complex ideas accessible and easy to understand, and you can listen in pieces because these essays stand alone from one another. Its well-written and simply fascinating. How Star Wars Conquered the Universe: The Past, Present, and Future of a Multibillion Dollar Franchise  by Chris Taylor As a person who is a die-hard  Star Wars fan and swore up and down by  the OB1 theory of the Clone Wars (if you have no idea what Im talking about, dont go down that rabbit hole. Trust me), I absolutely LOVED this book. The present and future of the franchise is changing seemingly from one day to the next, but this gets into a lot of the nitty gritty about its past and its evolution from movies into a cultural phenomenon. Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World  by Jane McGonigal I get  really  tired of people hating on video games for all of societys ills. Its just lazy and helps no one. Im not much of a gamer personally (except  Mass Effect. I still cant talk about that ending.) but I love learning things about geek culture generally. McGonigals book is actually about how video games, gamer culture, and the things that attract people to video games actually help us and how they can make the world better. The Fangirls Guide to the Galaxy: A Handbook for Girl Geeks  by Sam Maggs We covered  The Fangirls Guide to the Galaxy  when it was first released, but I wanted to include it on this list because its just so good. I love this book. I think it shines in print because of the thought and care that went into each page of it (literally the physical pages are beautiful), but Im guessing its also absolutely lovely in audiobook form. ____________________ Whats cool, new, and worth talking about in the world of comics? Subscribe to our weekly podcast Oh, Comics! to find out. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Global Science Case Study - 981 Words

Aklilu Reda How can Economic Anthropology Contribute to a more just World The anatomy of the global economic system, with its free market principles and econometrics based regulatory structures, spans the trajectories of successful wealth making and choices creating processes based on utilitarian assumptions founded in the heart of the capitalist economy. Throughout history, perhaps there is no powerfully affective, yet highly contested practice as the economy. It can be safely said that the economy touches the life of every one of us. Underlying the current economic system, economics setting the rules, regulations, applications and interpretations, required for the maintenance of self-regulating integration of different economic forms,†¦show more content†¦On the other side, this economic advancement has produced a new degree of inequality and uncertainty in the entire economic system to the extent that economics itself is unable to come up with a remedy for such inequality. As Wilk and Cliggett noted, the problem partly lies in the assumption which sees people as self-interested, whose economic behavior depends on their ability to analyze the cost benefit analysis of their opportunities and make a self-oriented choice to satisfy their personal interest. This perspective views people as rational beings, who weigh their situation and alternatives to maximize their benefit. The problem with this assumption is that it isolates human beings from their social and cultural context and their behavior detached from the cultural order which produces norms, values and mutual interdependence. Looked at from this view, economics’ obsession with complicated numerical representations of human economic modeling leaves other non-quantifiable factors, that constitute the economy, under represented or void of their rightful consideration. 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Latest Technology Used Today s Customer Service...

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5 Essential Factors to Improve Memory Free Essays

5 Essential Factors To Improve Memory What factors help improve memory? Here are five factors that are proven to significantly improve memory, help you learn and recall more and be less forgetful. 1. Positive Attitude While ever you think you have a bad memory that is exactly what you will have! If you say, I can’t remember numbers or, I’m no good with names you are making a self-fulfilling prophesy. We will write a custom essay sample on 5 Essential Factors to Improve Memory or any similar topic only for you Order Now You are conditioning your brain with negative thoughts and statements. Your brain will ensure that what you say and think is true and make it almost impossible for you to improve your memory. So banish those thoughts from your mind right now! If you ever catch yourself thinking or saying something negative about your memory, immediately say, Cancel! Cancel! Every day my memory is getting better, better and better! You CAN improve your memory; commit to doing so and celebrate every achievement no matter how small. 2. Healthy Lifestyle Maintaining a healthy lifestyle pays huge dividends. Practise these healthy habits that improve memory: * Exercise. Any form of aerobic exercise such as running, cycling, or even walking briskly, performed for 15 minutes per day will increase the flow of blood, oxygen and nutrients to the brain. This will enhance your brain performance, improve memory and reduce the risk of disorders that lead to memory loss. * Diet. A balanced diet is essential for a healthy body and a healthy mind. Research indicates that certain nutrients enhance brain function and improve memory. These include: the B vitamins (especially B6, B12 and folic acid) found in spinach and other dark leafy greens, broccoli, asparagus, strawberries, melons, black beans and other legumes, citrus fruits, soybeans; antioxidants like vitamins C and E, and beta carotene found in blueberries and other berries, sweet potatoes, red tomatoes, spinach, broccoli, green tea, nuts and seeds, citrus fruits, liver; and omega-3 fatty acids found in fish such as salmon, herring, tuna, halibut, and mackerel, walnuts and walnut oil, flaxseed and laxseed oil. * Sleep. Sufficient good quality sleep is essential for memory consolidation (storing things you have learnt during the day). Lack of sleep impacts your concentration and ability to absorb new information. 3. Organisation Give yourself less to remember by organising your life. Keep a To Do list of all the tasks, big or small, that you want to get done. Use a diary to keep track of birthdays, anniversaries, appointments, events and due dates for bill s and to schedule tasks from your To Do list. Use sticky notes for reminders; for example, stick one on the front door to remind you to switch the answer machine on when you leave the house. Organise your possessions; a place for everything and everything in its place is a good maxim. Even if being organised does not improve your memory, you will receive a lot of the same benefits, for example, you will not have to search for your keys anymore! 4. Memory Techniques and Systems Memory techniques and systems help you learn and recall information. Start with simple techniques such as chunking, breaking up information into smaller, easier to remember chunks, and build up to the more complex systems. You will then have an arsenal of tools to help you memorise anything you want. 5. Practise Use it or lose it! The brain needs exercise just as your body needs exercise to perform at its best and not deteriorate. When you learn a new memory technique practise it until it becomes second nature. Keep your brain active: play memory games and brain games, do puzzles. Try something new: a new hobby, learn to play a musical instrument, learn a foreign language. By regularly exercising your brain with new challenges you will stimulate the development of new nerve connections that can help improve memory. Pay attention to these essential factors to improve memory and you will soon find yourself less forgetful and able to learn and recall new information with ease. How to cite 5 Essential Factors to Improve Memory, Essay examples

Upon Examining Issues Of Mind And Thought, The Questions Of Artificial

Upon examining issues of mind and thought, the questions of artificial intelligence and its capabilities become important considerations for answering the ultimate question of what thought truly is. Computerized calculation is one of the few events that is somewhat analogous to human cognitive thought, so the extension of this current technology to more advanced future applications makes it a very interesting testing area for questions into consciousness. If one concludes that the advancement from cash registers to present day computers is a step closer to human thought, then we must concede that progressing technology will bring us closer and perhaps to the very point of true cognitive skills. The dilemma left to us philosophers and scientists is to determine when a machine has reached the point of thought, or at least to create a rough guideline. A.M. Turing proposed a test to solve this problem. Named, appropriately enough, the Turing test, it contains a controversial method of te sting called the imitation game. The idea is to put one man and one woman in two rooms and have them questioned by an interrogator in a third room. The man would try to answer questions in a way which would suggest he is a woman. The woman attempts to answer in a way to reveal the truth of the matter. If the man fools the interrogator, it is said that he can think like a woman, or, at the very least, mimic a woman's responses. This game can also be played with a computer in the male slot, trying to convince the interrogator that it is human. It would follow reason that if a computer could pass this test, it could think like a human, or at least mimic one. Perhaps the abilities showcased in the test alone would not be sufficient, but Daniel C. Dennett claims that "[t]he assumption Turing was prepared to make was that nothing could possibly pass the Turing test by winning the Imitation Game without being able to perform indefinitely many other clearly intelligent actions" (Dennett 93) . One often cited criticism of this notion is the idea of mimicry. Imagine a program that stored an almost infinite amount of information regarding sentences and grammar and was able to spit out contextualy appropriate sentences to a wide variety of inquiries. The computer has no knowledge of what the information means; it is acting much as a parrot does. Luckily for Turing, there is no shortage of responses for this claim. First of all, as Douglas Hofstadter points outs, "[t]he number of sentences you'd need to store to be able to respond in a normal way to all possible sentences in a conversation is astronomical, really unimaginable" (Hofstadter 92). The computer would also have to contain a complex microprocessor to keep up with conversation in a timely and manageable fashion. It would have to be so advanced indeed that such a microprocessor might be considered a small scale brain, sorting through symbols and their meanings to form contextually valid responses. Accordingly, if su ch a machine existed, it would pass the Turing test and validate the method of testing at the same time. If a machine was capable of mastering the context-sensitive language we use, it may very well have a claim to true thought. At the very least, the computer would surpass mimicry and be labeled a simulation. Human thought is so complicated and demanding that any device that attempts to duplicate it with any success would have to be a highly sensitive simulation. Any machine that passes the Turing test must have a rudimentary "knowledge" of the information it is using and therefore is more than parrot . Assuming this is true, we must then ask hard questions about the value of simulation. The critical claim is that any simulation is just a simulation and not a real example of what it is simulating. Hofstadter finds this fallacious, as do I. First, any simulation can reasonable defined in this context as the recreation of a natural event by an agent other than nature. This view bring s up the idea of levels in simulation. A good example is Dennett's simulated hurricane in Brainstorms. From the programmer's vantage point, the God Upon Examining Issues Of Mind And Thought, The Questions Of Artificial Upon examining issues of mind and thought, the questions of artificial intelligence and its capabilities become important considerations for answering the ultimate question of what thought truly is. Computerized calculation is one of the few events that is somewhat analogous to human cognitive thought, so the extension of this current technology to more advanced future applications makes it a very interesting testing area for questions into consciousness. If one concludes that the advancement from cash registers to present day computers is a step closer to human thought, then we must concede that progressing technology will bring us closer and perhaps to the very point of true cognitive skills. The dilemma left to us philosophers and scientists is to determine when a machine has reached the point of thought, or at least to create a rough guideline. A.M. Turing proposed a test to solve this problem. Named, appropriately enough, the Turing test, it contains a controversial method of te sting called the imitation game. The idea is to put one man and one woman in two rooms and have them questioned by an interrogator in a third room. The man would try to answer questions in a way which would suggest he is a woman. The woman attempts to answer in a way to reveal the truth of the matter. If the man fools the interrogator, it is said that he can think like a woman, or, at the very least, mimic a woman's responses. This game can also be played with a computer in the male slot, trying to convince the interrogator that it is human. It would follow reason that if a computer could pass this test, it could think like a human, or at least mimic one. Perhaps the abilities showcased in the test alone would not be sufficient, but Daniel C. Dennett claims that "[t]he assumption Turing was prepared to make was that nothing could possibly pass the Turing test by winning the Imitation Game without being able to perform indefinitely many other clearly intelligent actions" (Dennett 93) . One often cited criticism of this notion is the idea of mimicry. Imagine a program that stored an almost infinite amount of information regarding sentences and grammar and was able to spit out contextualy appropriate sentences to a wide variety of inquiries. The computer has no knowledge of what the information means; it is acting much as a parrot does. Luckily for Turing, there is no shortage of responses for this claim. First of all, as Douglas Hofstadter points outs, "[t]he number of sentences you'd need to store to be able to respond in a normal way to all possible sentences in a conversation is astronomical, really unimaginable" (Hofstadter 92). The computer would also have to contain a complex microprocessor to keep up with conversation in a timely and manageable fashion. It would have to be so advanced indeed that such a microprocessor might be considered a small scale brain, sorting through symbols and their meanings to form contextually valid responses. Accordingly, if su ch a machine existed, it would pass the Turing test and validate the method of testing at the same time. If a machine was capable of mastering the context-sensitive language we use, it may very well have a claim to true thought. At the very least, the computer would surpass mimicry and be labeled a simulation. Human thought is so complicated and demanding that any device that attempts to duplicate it with any success would have to be a highly sensitive simulation. Any machine that passes the Turing test must have a rudimentary "knowledge" of the information it is using and therefore is more than parrot . Assuming this is true, we must then ask hard questions about the value of simulation. The critical claim is that any simulation is just a simulation and not a real example of what it is simulating. Hofstadter finds this fallacious, as do I. First, any simulation can reasonable defined in this context as the recreation of a natural event by an agent other than nature. This view bring s up the idea of levels in simulation. A good example is Dennett's simulated hurricane in Brainstorms. From the programmer's vantage point, the God